Powered utility cart and compliant drive wheel therefor

ABSTRACT

A lift-enabled motorized wheel assembly and material handling cart. A drive wheel is supported on an axel between a fixed leg and a floating leg. The axel passes through the fixed leg without interference, but is captured in the floating leg by a self-aligning bearing. The axle is driven by a drive motor that is bolted to the fixed leg through a right-angle gearbox. A vertical suspension unit provides compliance for drive wheel traction. A lifter sub-assembly alternately raises and lowers the drive wheel into and out of contact with the ground. The lift-enabled motorized wheel assembly is attached to the bottom of a cart frame, along with a plurality of caster wheels. The cart includes a tow-bar that is moveable between raised and lowered positions. When the tow-bar is lowered condition for towing, the drive wheel automatically lifts out of contact with the ground.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application No.62/252,173 filed Nov. 6, 2015, and to Provisional Patent Application No.62/337,447 filed May 17, 2016, the entire disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference and relied upon.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The invention relates generally to motorized carts of the type used inindustrial material handling, and more particularly to electric drivewheels therefor.

Description of Related Art

Sturdy wheeled carts are commonly used in factories and other industrialsettings to transport heavy industrial materials from one location toanother. Often, the wheeled cart is pulled by a motorized vehicle (e.g.,a forklift, tugger, tractor, etc.), especially when larger distancesmust be traversed. It is not uncommon to connect multiple carts inseries, akin to train cars, so that they can be simultaneously tugged inconvoy by the motorized vehicle. When the wheeled cart arrives near itsdestination, which may for example be a manufacturing machine or astorage area, a worker is often required to manually maneuver thewheeled cart a short distance to locate the cart in an optimal restingposition. In these situations, a worker's muscular strength is requiredto move the cart. Because of the very heavy weights carried by thecarts, sometimes more than 6,000 pounds, there has been concern aboutpossible injury to workers and to surrounding objects caused by themanual efforts required. Considering the often very large inertiavalues, the typically repetitive acts of starting, turning and stoppinga heavily-loaded cart can inflict damage to the worker's muscles, jointsand/or nerves.

To reduce the potential for worker injuries and collateral propertydamage, the prior art has suggested with limited success to equip a cartwith one or more electric motorized wheels. See for one example U.S.Pat. No. 3,380,546 to Rabjohn which discloses an industrial utility cartdesigned for both self-propelled and manually maneuvered operation.However, the prior art electric carts have several drawbacks. They arenotoriously difficult to operate. They are usually not able to be towedby a motorized vehicle, and if they are towing-enabled it is usuallydifficult or impossible for a worker to disengage the electric drivewheel(s) for towing. Furthermore, the prior art electric carts must beretired for a period every day to re-charge their batteries. Whilerecharging, the cart is not available for useful service.

There is therefore a need for an improved motorized cart for use infactories and other industrial settings to transport heavy industrialmaterials from one location to another, that is towable, and that doesnot require long periods of inactive rest for re-charging.

Moreover, there is a need for an improved motorized drive wheelsub-assembly that can be retro-fitted to an existing wheeled cart, andthat is low cost yet robust in performance. And furthermore, there is aneed for an improved motorized drive wheel sub-assembly that can beconfigured to lift its drive wheel above the ground for times when themotorized function is not required.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of this invention, a motorized wheelassembly for a material handling cart is provided. The assemblycomprises a mounting plate. A pair of legs extend perpendicularly fromthe mounting plate. The pair of legs comprises a fixed leg and afloating leg spaced laterally apart from one another. The fixed andfloating legs each have respective captured ends that are aligned withone another and pivotally connected about a common pivot axis to themounting plate. The fixed and floating legs each also have respectivecompliant ends that are aligned with one another and pivotally connectedabout a common suspension axis. An axle perpendicularly intersects thefixed and floating legs generally mid-way between their respectivecaptured and compliant ends. The axle is supported for rotation relativeto the mounting plate about a longitudinal axis thereof. A drive wheelis disposed on the axle in-between the fixed and floating legs forlocked rotation with the axle about the longitudinal axis. A gearbox isrigidly attached to the fixed leg. A right-angle gear train isoperatively disposed inside the gearbox. The right-angle gear train runsa hollow output shaft that is disposed at least partially in the gearboxand supported therein by at least one fixed bearing. The axle isoperatively disposed inside the hollow shaft for synchronousco-rotation. A drive motor is attached to the gearbox and is operativelycoupled with the right-angle gear train to drive the axle in poweredrotation. A vertical suspension unit is operatively disposed between themounting plate and the aligned compliant ends of the fixed and floatinglegs.

According to a second aspect of this invention, a lift-enabled motorizedwheel assembly for a material handling cart is provided. The assemblycomprises a mounting plate and a pair of legs extending perpendicularlytherefrom. Each has leg has a generally identical V-shaped configurationdefined by splayed tips converging toward a central knee. The splayedtips comprise, respectively, captured and compliant ends. The capturedends are aligned with one another and pivotally connected about a commonpivot axis to the mounting plate. Similarly, the compliant ends arealigned with one another and pivotally connected about a commonsuspension axis. An axle perpendicularly intersects the legs adjacentthe respective central knees generally mid-way between the respectivecaptured and compliant ends. The axle is supported for rotation relativeto the mounting plate about a generally horizontal longitudinal axis. Adrive wheel is disposed on the axle in-between the legs for lockedrotation with the axle about the longitudinal axis. A drive motor isoperatively coupled to the axle for co-rotating the axle and the drivewheel about the longitudinal axis. A lifter sub-assembly is operativelydisposed between the mounting plate and one of the captured andcompliant ends of the legs. The lifter sub-assembly includes an actuatormoveable between extended and retracted positions. The drive wheel ispressed into contact with the ground when the actuator is in theextended position, and the drive wheel is lifted out of contact with theground when the actuator is in the retracted position. The actuator hasa distal end, to which upper and lower links are pivotally attached. Theupper link is also pivotally attached to the mounting plate, whereas thelower link is pivotally attached to the captured ends of the legs. Theupper and lower links form a generally vertical load-bearing column whenthe actuator is in the extended position.

According to a third aspect of this invention, a powered utility cartassembly is provided. The assembly is comprised of a cart frame. Thecart frame has a platform to which a plurality of caster wheels areattached. The plurality of caster wheels includes at least twonon-steerable caster wheels which are co-axially aligned with oneanother. A tow-bar is operatively attached to the platform so as to bemoveable between raised and lowered positions. A motorized wheelsub-assembly is attached to the platform. The motorized wheelsub-assembly includes a drive wheel that is disposed for rotation abouta generally horizontal longitudinal axis. The drive wheel is locatedgenerally equidistant between the two non-steerable caster wheels andgenerally coaxially aligned therewith. A lifter sub-assembly isoperatively disposed between the platform and the drive wheel. Thelifter sub-assembly includes an actuator moveable between extended andretracted positions. The drive wheel is pressed into contact with theground when the actuator is in the extended position, and the drivewheel is lifted out of contact with the ground when the actuator is inthe retracted position. A tow bar switch is responsive to movement ofthe tow-bar to automatically cause the actuator to move to its retractedposition when the tow-bar is in the lowered position. However, when thetow-bar is in the raised position, the actuator is free to move betweenits extended and retracted positions at the will of the operator.

Among these several aspects of the invention, there is provided animproved motorized drive wheel sub-assembly that can be retro-fitted toan existing wheeled cart, and that is low cost yet robust inperformance. There is an improved motorized drive wheel sub-assemblythat can be configured to lift its drive wheel above the ground when amotorized function is not required. And there is an improved motorizedcart for use in factories and other industrial settings to transportheavy industrial materials from one location to another, that istowable, and that does not require long periods of inactive rest forre-charging.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention willbecome more readily appreciated when considered in connection with thefollowing detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorized wheel sub-assembly accordingto a first aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the motorized wheel sub-assembly;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section view through the longitudinal axis A asindicated along lines 3-3 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a combined motorized wheel sub-assemblyas in FIG. 1 and a lifter sub-assembly according to a second aspect ofthe present invention;

FIG. 5 is another perspective view of assembly depicted in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of the assembly depicted in FIG. 4, withthe drive wheel shown raised in solid lines and lowered in phantomlines;

FIG. 7 is a side view as in FIG. 6 but showing the drive wheel in itslowered condition with shifting due to compliance deflection per thevertical suspension unit in phantom lines;

FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the assembly depicted in FIGS. 4-7;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a cart frame according to a third aspectof this invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-section view taken generally along lines 10-10 inFIG. 9, and which reveal the integration of the assembly depicted inFIGS. 4-7 along with the location of the on-board battery power source;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view displaying the under-side of the cartframe of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the electric regeneration unit; and

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view showing the remote-control instrumentcluster as mounted on the handlebar.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the figures, wherein like numerals indicate like orcorresponding parts throughout the several views, the present inventionis described in terms of sub-assemblies that can be used eitherindependently or in combination. The sub-assemblies include a motorizedwheel sub-assembly, generally indicated at 16 and featured in FIGS. 1-3,a lifter sub-assembly, generally indicated at 18 and featured in FIGS.4-8, and a cart frame, generally indicated at 20 and featured in FIGS.9-13. To reiterate, each sub-assembly 16-20 is independent, in the sensethat each could be deployed without incorporating the features of theother sub-assemblies. However, the several aspects of this invention aredescribed in a progressive manner: the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16is described first, followed by the lifter sub-assembly 18 which isimplemented (optionally) within the context of the motorized wheelsub-assembly 16, and then the cart frame 20 is described within thecontext of the preferred lifter sub-assembly 18 as fitted to themotorized wheel sub-assembly 16.

Turning first to FIGS. 1-3, the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 is shownin considerable detail. A mounting plate 22 is used to securely attachthe motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 to any of various objects. Themounting plate 22 is shown as a sturdy rectangular structure withvarious holes for attachment. Of course, the mounting plate 22 can takemany different configurations to fit to the intended application. Forexample, in one common application, the mounting plate is designed toreplicate the size and hole patterns of a common caster wheel such asfound on the average industrial utility push-cart. Examples of suchcommon caster wheels may be found throughout the industry, including butnot limited to the ErgoMaxx™ and Twergo® product lines offered by CasterConcepts, Inc. of Albion, Mich., the assignee of this present invention.In this manner, the common caster wheel (not shown) could be replaced ina retro-fitting operation with the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 tomotorize a previously manually moved push-cart. In another contemplatedapplication, the mounting plate 22 is attached directly to a tiller armwhich is then attached to a utility cart through a swivel plate. Anexample of this latter application may be observed by reference to theConversion Drive Caster product offered by Caster Concepts, Inc. ofAlbion, Mich. By attaching the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 to atiller arm in this manner, a high level of steering control is madepossible. A still further contemplated application is described below inconnection with the cart frame 20 of FIGS. 9-13. Indeed, many moreapplications for the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 are possible, withthese mentioned representing only a few examples.

Returning to FIGS. 1-3, a pair of rigid plate-like legs 24, 26 are shownextending perpendicularly from the mounting plate 22. The legs 24, 26,which may be designated as a fixed leg 24 and a floating leg 26, arespaced apart from one another by a suitable distance. Both legs 24, 26may be substantially identical to one another, or they may be unique. Inthe illustrated examples, the legs 24, 26 are substantially identical inform having a V-shaped (i.e., boomerang-like) configuration. In theembodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the V-shape of the legs 24, 26 is slightlyacute, whereas in FIGS. 4-8 the V-shape is slightly obtuse. Naturally,the acute and obtuse V-shapes are merely examples; alternative shapesand configurations for the legs 24, 26 are possible. The fixed 24 andfloating 26 legs each have a captured end 28 and a compliant end 30.That is, the two splayed tips of the V-shapes for each of the fixed 24and floating 26 legs are identified as the captured 28 and compliant 30ends, respectively. The captured ends 28 are aligned with one anotherand pivotally connected or constrained about a common pivot axis to themounting plate 22. This is perhaps best shown in FIG. 1, where a longbolt 32 is used to establish the pivotal connection between the capturedends 28 of the legs 24, 26 and the mounting plate 22.

The compliant ends 30 of the legs 24, 26 are also aligned with oneanother and pivotally connected about a common suspension axis, which isestablished by a suspension bolt 34 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. However,rather than being locked to the mounting plate 22 via a pivotingconnection as with the captured ends 28, the compliant ends 30 of thelegs 24, 26 are spring-suspended for enhanced wheel traction. A verticalsuspension unit, generally indicated at 36, is operatively disposedbetween the aligned compliant ends 30 and the mounting plate 22 for thispurpose. The vertical suspension unit 36, includes at least one springor other form of resilient element that can yield under an impulse loadyet restore its position after the impulse has subsided. Examples of asuitable vertical suspension unit 36 may be adapted from the hubcomponent fitted inside the CasterShox® products offered by CasterConcepts, Inc. of Albion, Mich. For a detailed description of these hubcomponents which may be deployed as a vertical suspension unit 36,reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 7,478,803 issued Jan. 20, 2009 toLee, an inventor of this present invention, the entire disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference and relied upon. The body ofthe vertical suspension unit 36 may be secured to the mounting plate 22as by any suitable strap or bracket 38 (FIG. 1). The suspension bolt 34is passed through the center of the vertical suspension unit 36 andcoupled to the compliant ends 30 of the legs 24, 26. In this manner, thecompliant ends 30 of the legs 24, 26 are both pivotally and linearlymoveable relative to the mounting plate 22. When an impulse load isencountered, e.g., a bump in the ground surface, the vertical suspensionunit 36 will yield, causing the compliant ends 30 of the legs 24, 26 tomove vertically up or down together with the interconnecting suspensionbolt 34. The captured ends 28 are then constrained to pivot (slightly)as the compliant ends 30 travel vertically.

An axle 40 passes perpendicularly through the fixed 24 and floating 26legs, generally mid-way between the respective captured 28 and compliant30 ends as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Returning to the descriptive V-shapeattributed to the legs 24, 26, the axle 40 can be seen as intersectingnear the central knee or point of convergence in the V-shape. Generousclearance holes are provided in the fixed 24 and floating 26 legs foraccommodating the axle 40 to pass therethrough. The axle 40 is supportedfor horizontal rotation relative to the mounting plate 22 about alongitudinal axis A. A particularly keen aspect of this configuration isthe placement of a self-aligning bearing 42 to operatively support theaxle 40 in the floating leg 26. The self-aligning bearing 42 is largelyinsensitive to angular misalignment of the axle 40 relative to thefloating leg 26, which means that a slight-to-moderate non-perpendicularrelationship between the floating leg 26 and the longitudinal axis Awill not impede performance. In some designs, the self-aligning bearing42 may have two rows of rollers and a common sphered raceway in theouter ring. In other contemplated constructions, the self-aligningbearing 42 may have a single spherical plain bearing supported in aspherical outer ring. Other constructions may also be possible, with theobjective to tolerate some degree of angular misalignment between theaxle 40 and the floating leg 26. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, theself-aligning bearing 42 may be of the flange-type which can be easilyfastened to the side of the floating leg 26 so as to rotatably supportthe axle 40 within the generous clearance hole formed therein. In thismanner, the floating leg 26 is not required to be preciselyperpendicularly aligned with respect to the axle 40, thereby makingfabrication of the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 substantially lessexpensive. A keeper 44 may be attached to the axle 40 on the outboardside of the self-aligning bearing 42 to hold the assembled components inposition during use.

A drive wheel 46 is disposed on the axle 40 in-between the fixed 24 andfloating 26 legs for locked rotation with the axle 40 about thelongitudinal axis A. The drive wheel 46 may be any suitable type ofcaster wheel, preferably fitted with a polymeric tread for traction. Insome cases, a specialty tread may be used, like for example a Mecanumwheel as when two or more motorized wheel sub-assemblies 16 are used intandem. A splined or keyed connection may be used to couple the drivewheel 46 to the axle 40 for co-rotation, as may be discerned from FIG.3. A thrust washer 48 may be fitted as a spacer in-between the drivewheel 46 and the self-aligning bearing 42. On the other side of thedrive wheel 46, the axle 40 passes freely through the generous clearancehole in the fixed leg 24 without making contact. In this manner, theaxle 40 is directly supported on one end by the floating leg 26 (via theself-aligning bearing 42) but its other end is not directly supported bythe fixed leg 24. The fixed leg 24 does provide indirect support for theother end of the axle 40, as will be described immediately below.

A gearbox 50 is rigidly attached to the outboard side of the fixed leg24 with threaded fasteners 52. See FIGS. 2 and 3. In order to provideoperating clearance, it may be necessary in some applications to providea hollow spacer 54 between the gearbox 50 and the fixed leg 24. A spacer54 is shown in the illustrated examples, generally centered about theclearance hole and the longitudinal axis A. The threaded fasteners 52are selected to be long enough to accommodate the axial width of thespacer 54. Inside the gearbox 50 is a right-angle gear train, arepresentative portion of which is indicated at 56 in FIG. 3. Theright-angle gear train 50 may be configured in any suitable arrangementof gears, including worm, bevel, crown and helical types to name but afew. Regardless of the specific configuration of the gear components,the right-angle gear train 56 includes a hollow output shaft 58disposed, at least partially, in the gearbox 50. The hollow output shaft58 is supported in the gearbox 50 by at least one fixed bearing 60. Twofixed bearings 60 are visible in the exemplary cross-sectional view ofFIG. 3. The axle 40 is operatively disposed inside the hollow outputshaft 58 and coupled for synchronous co-rotation, as through a splinedor keyed connection discernable from FIG. 3. That is, the hollow outputshaft 58 and axle 40 and drive wheel 46 are all locked together as arotational unit with bearing support provided via the self-aligningbearing 42 on one end and the fixed bearings 60 on the other end. Thus,the fixed leg 24 indirectly supports the end of the axle 40 via thefixed bearings 60 contained within the gearbox 50, which gearbox 50 isbolted to the fixed leg 24 via the (optional) spacer 54. From amanufacturing point of view, the fixed leg 24 and floating leg 26 do notneed to be maintained in perfect parallelism, which greatly facilitatesassembly. Furthermore, in use side loads may cause flexing or distortionof one leg 24 relative to the other leg 26. And yet, no ill effects arevisited on the free spinning operation of the drive wheel 46 because theself-aligning bearing 42 easily accommodates shifting of the legs 24,26. Another keeper 44 may be attached to the axle 40 on the outboardside of the gearbox 50 to hold the assembled components in positionduring use and, to some degree, help reduce flexure of the legs 24, 26.

An electric drive motor 62 is attached to the gearbox 50. Through anunseen motor shaft, the drive motor 62 is operatively coupled with theright-angle gear train 56 which results in forced rotation of the hollowoutput shaft 58 when energized. The electric drive motor 62 ispreferably of the reversible type, enabling the hollow output shaft 58to be rotated within its fixed bearings 60 either in a clockwise orcounter-clockwise direction depending on the power signal received. Inthis way, the drive wheel 46 is power driven, by the drive motor 62, ineither a forward or a rearward direction.

As mentioned previously, when the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 isattached to the bottom of a utility cart or other wheeled materialhandling device, such that the drive wheel 46 makes contact with theground substantially concurrently with the other caster wheels of thecart, the utility cart can be power driven and thereby reduce humanworker effort needed to move the cart. Because the vertical suspensionunit 36 is integrated between the legs 24, 26 and the mounting plate 22,traction is maintained even when the cart traverses uneven groundeffects. And the somewhat imprecise mounting of the floating leg 26,enabled through the self-aligning bearing 42, not only makes themotorized wheel sub-assembly 16 less expensive to produce, but also moredurable in operation as leg deflections caused by normal load-inducedstresses will not bind against the free rotation of the axle 40.

Turning now to FIGS. 4-8, the lifter sub-assembly 18 will be describedin detail. Although the lifter sub-assembly 18 may be deployed withinthe context of any number of different caster wheel strategies,including motorized and non-motorized (free-spinning) types, and fixed(non-steerable) and swivel (steerable) types, this aspect of theinvention is very effective when operatively disposed in the motorizedwheel sub-assembly 16 described above. FIGS. 4-8 illustrate a slightlymodified form of the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16, with like orcorresponding parts being identified with the same reference numbers forconvenience. Such components common or substantially identical to thosedescribed above in connection with FIGS. 1-3 will not be described againeven though their appearance may vary slightly from what was illustratedin the preceding embodiment.

The lifter sub-assembly 18 is integrated between the mounting plate 22and either the captured ends 28 or the compliant ends 30 of the legs 24,26. When activated, the lifter sub-assembly 18 causes a physicaldisplacement between the longitudinal axis A and the mounting plate 22.As a result of this displacement, the longitudinal axis A is raised orlowered relative to the ground. The lifter sub-assembly 18 includes anactuator 64 that has a distal tip which is moveable between extended andretracted positions. The drive wheel 46 is pressed into contact with theground when the actuator 64 is in the extended position, and the drivewheel 46 is lifted out of contact with the ground when the actuator 64is in the retracted position. See FIGS. 6 and 7. The actuator 64 ispreferably is of the linear type having an output motion similar in somerespects to the armature of a solenoid motor, but may instead beconfigured with a rotary output or some other suitable type of motion.The distal tip forms the outermost driving end of the actuator 64 andmoves back and forth along a linear path. The linear actuator 64 isshown in the extended position in FIGS. 4, 5 and 7, and in the retractedposition in FIG. 6. A thrust motor 66 is drivingly connected to thelinear actuator 64. The thrust motor 66 is activated to alternately movethe linear actuator 64 back-and-forth between these extended andretracted positions, typically by induction or electro-magnetism orpneumatics or hydraulics. In some scenarios, the thrust motor 66 may bepaired with a return spring (not shown) that continuously urges thelinear actuator 64 toward the normally retracted position so that as afailsafe condition the drive wheel 46 is lifted out of contact with theground. (Or perhaps in some cases the return spring could bias toward anormally extended position.) The thrust motor 66, in this example, ispivotally connected to the mounting plate 22 at pin 68. In othercontemplated embodiments, the thrust motor 66 could be rigidly attachedto (or relative to) the mounting plate 22, or attached by some otherform of articulating connection as may be needed for proper motioncontrol of the actuator 64.

Upper 70 and lower 72 links are pivotally attached to the distal end ofthe linear actuator 64. The upper link 70 is pivotally attached to themounting plate 22. The lower link 72 is pivotally attached to either thecaptured 28 or complaint ends of the legs 24, 26, preferably throughtheir respective bolts 32, 34. In the illustrated examples, the liftersub-assembly 18 is integrated through the captured ends 28 of the legs24. Those of skill in the art, however, will be able to envision thealternative configuration in which the lifter sub-assembly 18 isintegrated through the compliant ends 30 of the legs 24, 26. In thatnon-illustrated variation, the vertical suspension unit 36 can either beplaced in-between the upper link 70 and the mounting plate 22, oralternatively in-between the lower link 72 and the compliant ends 30 ofthe legs 24, 26. The upper 70 and lower 72 links are designed so as toform a generally vertical load-bearing column when the linear actuator64 is in the extended position, as clearly see in FIGS. 6 and 7. In thismanner, the optimal vertical load bearing capacity of the liftersub-assembly 18 is achieved when the drive wheel 46 is deployed.

Naturally, the specific construction of links 70, 72 can be replacedwith other types of mechanism to achieve a similar result. As anexample, a sliding cam may be used instead of the links 70, 72 asdocumented in the earlier priority documents to this present patentapplication. Other mechanically-equivalent variations to the doublelinks 70, 72 and/or sliding cam are also possible.

Turning now to FIGS. 9-13, the cart frame sub-assembly 20 will bedescribed in detail. Although the cart frame 20 may be deployed withinthe context of any number of different lift-enabled motorized wheelconfigurations, this aspect of the invention is very effective whenoperatively joined with the combined motorized wheel and liftersub-assemblies 16,18 described above. Components common or substantiallyidentical to those described above in connection with FIGS. 1-8 will notbe repeated, but are nevertheless fully applicable to the followingFigures as well.

The cart frame 20 is representative of many different types of wheeledmaterial handling devices. Such cart frames 20 can be general purposewagons or designed for a special material handling application. Theillustrated examples show a relatively simple, flat-bed type of cartframe 20 that can be alternately moved by hand and towed by a tractor,however those of skill in this industry will appreciate the vast varietyof forms and applications for which the cart frame 20 might be otherwiseconfigured. As perhaps best shown in FIG. 9, the cart frame 20 includesa platform 74 upon which cargo items (not shown) are placed fortransport. In this example, the platform 74 has a generally planar(i.e., flat) top surface and an underlying bottom surface which isvisible in FIG. 11. The platform 74 shown here is generally rectangularas defined by two opposing long side edges 76 and two opposing shortends 78. Corners are formed at the intersections of the short ends 78and the long side edges 76. The drawings show the corners each beingfitted with raised corner cleats 80 to help control against unwantedshifting of cargo during transport, however these are of course optionalfeatures.

The cart frame 20 preferably includes some form of handlebar 82. Thehandlebar 82 may take many different forms. In the illustrations, thehandlebar 82 appears in a traditional, generally inverted U-shapedconfiguration attached to one of the short ends 78. It is expected thatthe horizontal portion of the handlebar 82 will be located at about thesolar plexus level for the average user, who will at times use one orboth hands to grasp and thus maneuver the cart frame 20 by force appliedthrough the handlebar 82. In other contemplated embodiments, thehandlebar 82 may be adjustable in height and/or angularity. Thehandlebar 82 could be T-shaped or located off-center. The cart frame 20may include multiple handlebars 82, and possibly even none at all.Indeed, a wide range of different configurations of handlebar 82 arecertainly possible, with the U-shaped design shown in the figures merelyserving in a representative capacity.

Several caster wheels are attached to the bottom surface of the platform74. The plurality of caster wheels preferably includes at least one, butmore preferably at least two, swivel casters 84. The swivel casters 84are steerable so that the direction of the cart frame 20 can be easilymanipulated. Commonly, the swivel casters 84 will be located under thecorners of the short end 78 to which the handlebar 82 is attached. Thatis, in many cases steering the cart frame 20 will be most convenientwhen the swivel casters 84 are located closest to the handlebar 82.However, there may be applications where the swivel casters 84 arepreferred to be positioned differently underneath the platform 74. Theplurality of caster wheels preferably includes at least one, but morepreferably at least two, non-steerable caster wheels 86. These may bestandard caster wheels made of metal with polymeric treads, or any othertype suited to the application. In the depicted examples, twonon-steerable caster wheels 86 are disposed remote from the handlebar82. The two non-steerable caster wheels 86 are preferably co-axiallyaligned with one another. Fitting the cart frame 20 with two swivelcasters 84 and two non-steerable casters 86 is common, as thisarrangement gives the cart frame 20 a moderate blend of maneuverabilityand tracking stability. However, in some case it may be desirable thatall of the caster wheels located under the platform 74 are of the swiveltype 84, or alternatively in other cases that all of the caster wheelslocated under the platform 74 are of the non-steerable type 86.

The cart frame 20 is configured to be capable of manual manipulation bya human user and alternately slavishly towed behind a tractor (notshown). For times when the human user is maneuvering the cart frame 20,it may be helpful to provide a motorized assist by incorporating themotorized wheel and lifter sub-assemblies 16,18 described above. Themotorized wheel sub-assembly 16 enables forward and reverse power drivethrough the drive wheel 46. The lifter sub-assembly 18 allows the drivewheel 46 to be selectively raised out of contact with the ground,effectively disabling the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 which would behelpful in some manual use situations and in almost all towedsituations. Furthermore, when it is desired that the cart frame 20remain immobile, the lifter sub-assembly 18 can be deployed to press thedrive wheel 46 into contact with the ground, but with the non-energizeddrive motor 62 serving as a parking brake. The motorized wheelsub-assembly 16 could be located almost anywhere underneath the platform74. However, there are certain benefits gained by positioning the drivewheel 46 in (near) coaxial alignment with the two non-steerable casterwheels 86, and generally mid-way between. That is, when the point ofrolling contact for drive wheel 46 lies (generally) along and(generally) bisects the imaginary line passing through the points ofrolling contact for the two non-steerable caster wheels 86, there aredistinct advantages. In particular, when a human user is maneuvering thecart frame 20 and desires to make a yawing turn to the left or right,the point of rolling contact for drive wheel 46 will establish animaginary a vertical turning axis that is equidistant from each of thenon-steerable caster wheels 86 about which the cart frame 20 will turn.At the same time, the drive motor 62 will be forcibly rotating the drivewheel 46, which will give the user maximum control over the cart frame20. Enhanced user control leads to fewer unintended collisions and lessstress on the worker's body muscles, i.e., fewer injuries.

FIG. 9-11 show only a single lift-enabled motorized wheel sub-assembly16, 18 fitted to the bottom of the platform 74, in-line between the twonon-steerable caster wheels 86. It is entirely possible that twolift-enabled motorized wheel sub-assemblies 16, 18 could be used intandem for increased motive power and/or maneuverability. If two suchlift-enabled motorized wheel sub-assemblies 16, 18 are placed so as toco-axially align their respective longitudinal axes A, then it may beadvantageous to gang together their lifter sub-assemblies 18 to raiseand lower the two drive wheels 46 in unison. Having two (or more)lift-enabled motorized wheel sub-assemblies 16, 18 presents severaladvantages. Naturally, motive power is increased. However, if the drivemotors 62 are separately controllable, the respective drive wheels 46can be turned at different speeds or in different directions to helpmove turn and maneuver the cart frame 20. If multiple sets of gangedmotorized wheel sub-assemblies 16 (i.e., four or more) fitted to thebottom of the platform 74, the treads of the respective drive wheels 46could be fashioned as Mecanum wheels, for example, to provide anexceptionally high degree of motorized maneuverability.

A tow-bar 88 may be operatively attached to the platform 74 tofacilitate pulling the cart frame 20 behind a tractor (not shown). Thetow-bar 88 may take many different forms. In the examples illustrated inthe accompanying figures, the tow-bar 88 is pivotally joined to theplatform 74 below the handlebar 82. The pivotal connection allows thetow-bar 88 to be moved between two positions—namely a raised position inwhich the tow-bar 88 is stowed, and a lowered position in which thetow-bar 88 is active. In FIGS. 9 and 10, for example, the tow-bar 88 isdepicted in solid lines in its lowered position. In these same views,the raised position of the tow-bar 88 is illustrated in phantom lines.The arc of pivoting movement in these examples is about 90 degrees.

As stated previously, in most contemplated towing situations, it isdesired that the drive wheel 46 be lifted out of contact with the groundso as not to impose unnecessary drag or wear on the components of themotorized wheel sub-assembly 16. (One example of an exception mightarise if the motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 were configured to generateelectricity for a rechargeable battery while being towed.) In the morecommon scenarios, however, the cart frame 20 may be outfitted with a towbar switch 90 that is operatively connected to the thrust motor 66 ofthe lifter sub-assembly 18. The tow bar switch 90 would be responsive tomovement of the tow-bar 88 to automatically cause the linear actuator 64to move to the retracted position (FIG. 6) when the tow-bar 88 is in thelowered position. When the tow-bar 88 is in the raised position, thelifter sub-assembly 18 is free to move the drive wheel 46 up and down asmay be required by the user. That is to say, when the tow bar 88 israised, the user may or may not wish to utilize the motorized drivingproperties. If the user wants to take advantage of the motorized drivingproperties, they will cause the lifter sub-assembly 18 to move itslinear actuator 64 to the extended position (FIG. 7) and engage thedrive wheel 46 with the ground. However, the tow bar switch 90automatically assures that the drive wheel 46 is lifted out of contactwith the ground (as in FIG. 6) when the cart frame 20 is being towed,because the tow bar 88 will always be in the lowered position duringtowing. The tow bar switch 90 can be located at any suitable place, andcan be fashioned from any suitable type of switch. FIGS. 9, 11 and 13depict the tow bar switch 90 in the form of a proximity sensor that islocated on a horizontal cross-brace of the handlebar 88. Otherconfigurations are of course possible.

The drive motor 62 and thrust motor 66 can be of types energized by anynumber of different sources, including electrical energy, compressed airand hydraulics to name three commonly employed in industrial settings.In the case of the preferred embodiments, the drive motor 62 and thrustmotor 66 are electrically powered from an on-board rechargeable batterypower source 92, which may be housed within an electronics enclosure 94located underneath the platform 74. Depending on the available batterytechnology, multiple battery power sources 92 may be required to fulfilla suitable in-service timeframe. In FIG. 10, two battery power sources92 are shown, and may be connected in series or parallel depending onthe need. In other configurations, the electronics enclosure 94 could beattached to the handlebar 82 or perhaps occupy some other placement onthe cart frame 20. In the illustrated example, the electronics enclosure94 is conveniently suspended from slides 96 (see FIGS. 10 and 11) like apull-out drawer to enable easy access to its interior spaces forservice. The battery power source 92 includes a plug-in rechargingconnector to recharge the battery power source 92 while the cart frame20 is temporarily out of service, such as overnight or during specifiedshifts.

The cart frame 20 preferably includes an electric regeneration unit,generally indicated at 98. The electric regeneration unit 98 isoperatively coupled to one of the caster wheels 84, 86. The electricregeneration unit 98 includes a rotary generator that is responsive torotational inputs to generate and transmit an electrical current to thebattery power source 92. As mentioned earlier, the electric regenerationunit 98 could possibly be a dynamic function of the motorized wheelsub-assembly 16. In another contemplated embodiment, the electricregeneration unit 98 could be configured to collect static electricityfrom the rolling caster wheels 84 and/or 86 if, for example, the casters84, 86 are manufactured of a suitable elastomeric material that willnaturally generate electrostatic energy when rolled along the floor.According to the principle of the van de Graff generator, theelectrostatic charge is capable of producing high voltage, directcurrent electricity. Such a van de Graff generator equipped in the cartframe 20 would convert the electrostatic energy from the wheels 84, 86to electricity, which can be collected in a suitable capacitor. When thecapacitor is fully charged, the electronic circuitry will discharge thecapacitor to recharge the battery power source 92.

However, in the illustrated embodiment the electric regeneration unit 98is configured as an independent generator as best shown in FIG. 12. Theelectric regeneration unit 98 in this example is coupled to one rear(non-steerable) caster wheel 86 to create electricity as the wheel 86turns. An idler wheel 100 is disposed in perpetual rolling engagementwith one of the non-steerable caster wheels 86. See FIG. 12. Aspring-suspension bracket 102 connected to the rotary generator appliesresilient pressure onto the non-steerable caster wheel 86 from the idlerwheel 100. The idler wheel 100, in turn, is attached to the input shaftof a small rotary electrical generator which is a part of the electricregeneration unit 98. Wires (not shown) electrically connect thegenerator to rechargeable battery power source 92. Preferably, theelectronic control system is designed to not permit a current draw torecharge the battery 92 until the current reaches a threshold value.Ideally, the threshold value is set to be reached with the cart frame 20is pulled at higher speeds by a tractor, but not at low speeds such aswhen being manually maneuvered. In this way, less resistance will beasserted against the affected caster wheel 86 by the idler wheel 100 atlow speeds when a human worker it pushing or pulling the cart frame 20.However, when a tractor is pulling the cart frame 20 at higher speeds,and typically for longer distances, regenerative charging of the battery92 will occur. Those of skill in the art might envision otheralternative arrangements with respect to the use of one or moreindependent generators to implement a self-charging system incombination with the cart frame 20.

FIG. 13 offers a close-up view of a remote-control instrument clusterwhich includes controls accessed by a user to actuate the features ofthe motorized wheel sub-assembly 16 and the lifter sub-assembly 18. Ofcourse, the arrangement and content of the remote-control cluster issubject to wide variations and design choices. Among the user-accessedcontrols in the remote-control instrument cluster is a forward-reverseswitch 104. The forward-reverse switch 104 may be mounted in anyconvenient location for activating the drive motor 62 and controllingits rotary direction. The forward-reverse switch 104 is shown forillustrative purposes in the form of a toggle attached to an outriggerhandgrip 106, however in the alternative a joystick or slide bar orother type control device may be used. When the user depresses the topor foremost part of the forward-reverse switch 104, the drive motor 62is energized to turn the drive wheel 46 in a direction so as to move thecart frame 20 in a forward direction. Conversely, when the userdepresses the bottom or rearmost part of the forward-reverse switch 104,the drive motor 62 is energized to turn the drive wheel 46 in anopposite rotary direction so as to move the cart frame 20 rearwardly. Inthis example, the control circuitry is configured to operate the drivemotor 62 at a safe constant slow speed. In other contemplatedembodiments, a throttle control may be included, such as possibly in theform of a twist grip portion of the outrigger handgrip 106, to enable adegree of speed control. Many variations are possible. Theremote-control instrument cluster also includes a lift switch 108 thatis operatively connected to the thrust motor 66 of the liftersub-assembly 18 for moving the linear actuator 64 between its extendedand retracted positions. With this lift switch 108, a user can choosewhen to raise and lower the drive wheel 46. As mentioned above, the towbar switch 90 can function as an over-ride to this lift switch 108, suchthat drive wheel 46 will be lifted out of contact with the ground whenthe tow bar 88 is lowered no matter what position the lift switch 108 isin. The remote-control instrument cluster may also include an emergencykill switch 110 that enables a user to quickly kill power to the drivemotor 62. A power ON/OFF switch 112 is shown next to the lift switch108. The remote-control instrument cluster may also include a batterypower source meter 114 or indicator lights to monitor the charge statusof the battery 92. Certainly, additional features can be added if morefunctionality and/or control is desired.

The foregoing invention has been described in accordance with therelevant legal standards, thus the description is exemplary rather thanlimiting in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosedembodiment may become apparent to those skilled in the art and fallwithin the scope of the invention. Furthermore, features of oneembodiment can replace corresponding features in another embodiment orcan supplement other embodiments unless otherwise indicated by thedrawings or this specification.

What is claimed is:
 1. A motorized wheel assembly for a materialhandling cart, said assembly comprising: a mounting plate, a pair oflegs extending perpendicularly from said mounting plate, said pair oflegs comprising a fixed leg and a floating leg spaced laterally apartfrom one another, said fixed and floating legs each having a capturedend, said fixed and floating legs each having a compliant end, saidcaptured ends being aligned with one another and pivotally connectedabout a common pivot axis to said mounting plate, said compliant endsbeing aligned with one another and pivotally connected about a commonsuspension axis, an axle perpendicularly intersecting said fixed andfloating legs generally mid-way between said respective captured andcompliant ends, said axle supported for rotation relative to saidmounting plate about a longitudinal axis thereof, a drive wheel disposedon said axle in-between said fixed and floating legs for locked rotationwith said axle about said longitudinal axis, a gearbox rigidly attachedto said fixed leg, said gearbox comprising a right-angle gear trainoperatively disposed therein, said right-angle gear train including ahollow output shaft disposed at least partially in said gearbox, saidhollow output shaft supported in said gearbox by at least one fixedbearing, said axle operatively disposed inside said hollow shaft forsynchronous co-rotation, a drive motor attached to said gearbox andoperatively coupled with said right-angle gear train therein, and avertical suspension unit operatively disposed between said mountingplate and said aligned compliant ends of said fixed and floating legs.2. The assembly of claim 1 further including a self-aligning bearingoperatively supporting said axle in said floating leg.
 3. The assemblyof claim 2 further including a clearance hole in said fixed leg foraccommodating said axle to pass therethrough.
 4. The assembly of claim 3further including a hollow spacer generally centered about saidclearance hole and disposed in-between said gearbox and said fixed leg.5. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said fixed leg and said floating legeach have a generally V-shaped configuration defined by splayed tipsconverging toward a central knee, said splayed tips comprising saidrespective captured and compliant ends.
 6. The assembly of claim 1further including a lifter sub-assembly operatively disposed betweensaid mounting plate and one of said captured and compliant ends of saidfixed and floating legs, said lifter sub-assembly configured toalternately press said drive wheel is pressed into contact with theground and lift said drive wheel out of contact with the ground.
 7. Alift-enabled motorized wheel assembly for a material handling cart, saidassembly comprising: a mounting plate, a pair of legs extendingperpendicularly from said mounting plate, each has leg having agenerally identical V-shaped configuration defined by splayed tipsconverging toward a central knee, the splayed tips comprising respectivecaptured and compliant ends, said captured ends being aligned with oneanother and pivotally connected about a common pivot axis to saidmounting plate, said compliant ends being aligned with one another andpivotally connected about a common suspension axis, an axleperpendicularly intersecting said legs adjacent said respective centralknees generally mid-way between said respective captured and compliantends, said axle supported for rotation relative to said mounting plateabout a generally horizontal longitudinal axis thereof, a drive wheeldisposed on said axle in-between said legs for locked rotation with saidaxle about said longitudinal axis, a drive motor operatively coupled tosaid axle for co-rotating said axle and said drive wheel about saidlongitudinal axis, a lifter sub-assembly operatively disposed betweensaid mounting plate and one of said captured and compliant ends of saidlegs, said lifter sub-assembly including an actuator moveable betweenextended and retracted positions, whereby said drive wheel is pressedinto contact with the ground when said actuator is in the extendedposition and said drive wheel is lifted out of contact with the groundwhen said actuator is in the retracted position, said actuator having adistal end, upper and lower links pivotally attached to said distal endof said actuator, said upper link pivotally attached to said mountingplate, said lower link pivotally attached to said captured ends of saidfixed and floating legs, said upper and lower links forming a generallyvertical load-bearing column when said actuator is in said extendedposition.
 8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein said lifter sub-assemblyincludes a thrust motor drivingly connected to said linear actuator toalternately move said actuator back-and-forth between said extended andretracted positions.
 9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein said thrustmotor is pivotally connected to said mounting plate.
 10. The assembly ofclaim 7 further including a vertical suspension unit operativelydisposed between said aligned compliant ends and said mounting plate.11. The assembly of claim 7 wherein said pair of legs comprises a fixedleg and a floating leg spaced laterally apart from one another, aself-aligning bearing operatively supporting said axle in said floatingleg, and a clearance hole in said fixed leg for accommodating said axleto pass therethrough.
 12. The assembly of claim 11 further including agearbox rigidly attached to said fixed leg, said gearbox comprising aright-angle gear train operatively disposed therein, said right-anglegear train including a hollow output shaft disposed at least partiallyin said gearbox, said hollow output shaft supported in said gearbox byat least one fixed bearing, said axle operatively disposed inside saidhollow shaft for synchronous co-rotation.
 13. The assembly of claim 12further including a hollow spacer generally centered about saidclearance hole and disposed in-between said gearbox and said fixed leg.14. A powered utility cart assembly comprising: a cart frame, said cartframe including a platform, a plurality of caster wheels attached tosaid platform, said plurality of caster wheels including at least twonon-steerable caster wheels, said two non-steerable caster wheels beingco-axially aligned with one another, a tow-bar operatively attached tosaid platform, said tow-bar pivotally joined to said platform formovement between raised and lowered positions, a motorized wheelsub-assembly attached to said platform, said motorized wheelsub-assembly including a drive wheel disposed for rotation about agenerally horizontal longitudinal axis, said drive wheel disposedgenerally equidistant between said two non-steerable caster wheels andgenerally coaxially aligned therewith, a lifter sub-assembly operativelydisposed between said platform and said drive wheel, said liftersub-assembly including an actuator moveable between extended andretracted positions, whereby said drive wheel is pressed into contactwith the ground when said actuator is in the extended position and saiddrive wheel is lifted out of contact with the ground when said actuatoris in the retracted position, and a tow bar switch responsive tomovement of said tow-bar to automatically cause said actuator to move tosaid retracted position when said tow-bar is in said lowered position.15. The assembly of claim 14 further including an electric regenerationunit operatively coupled to one of said plurality of caster wheels. 16.The assembly of claim 15 wherein said electric regeneration unitincludes a rotary generator responsive to rotational inputs to generateand transmit an electrical current to an on-board battery power source,said electric regeneration unit including an idler wheel disposed inrolling engagement with one of said non-steerable caster wheels.
 17. Theassembly of claim 16 further including a spring-suspension frameconnected to said rotary generator and operative to apply resilientpressure onto said non-steerable caster wheel from said idler wheel. 18.The assembly of claim 14 further including a thrust motor drivinglyconnected to said linear actuator to alternately move said linearactuator back-and-forth between said extended and retracted positions,said thrust motor pivotally connected to said platform.
 19. The assemblyof claim 18 wherein said actuator has a distal end, upper and lowerlinks pivotally attached to said distal end of said linear actuator,upper and lower links forming a generally vertical load-bearing columnwhen said linear actuator is in said extended position.
 20. The assemblyof claim 14 wherein said motorized wheel sub-assembly includes a pair oflegs extending perpendicularly downwardly from said platform, said pairof legs comprising a fixed leg and a floating leg spaced apart from oneanother on opposite sides of said drive wheel, said fixed and floatinglegs each having a captured end, said fixed and floating legs eachhaving a compliant end, said captured ends being aligned with oneanother and pivotally connected about a common pivot axis to saidplatform, said compliant ends being aligned with one another andpivotally connected about a common suspension axis, further including avertical suspension unit operatively disposed between said alignedcompliant ends and said platform.